India needs to have a strong manufacturing and product development base to become economically self-reliant. The notion of Make-in-India, therefore, needs to be taken to a realm beyond replicate-in-India.

In particular, deep-technology innovation should be infused into our industrial ecosystem, instead of preferring an easier route of rebranding, re-engineering or in a best-case scenario, reverse-engineering. To make the innovative ecosystem active, there should be much enhancement in the R&D budget, otherwise we cannot scientifically and technologically prosper.

A major part of India’s population is at the ‘mercy’ of someone else for different kind of micro-level financial assistance, subsidy, or simply transfer of strategized cash to them as a populistic philanthropic measure.

However, this is neither scalable, nor sustainable and may only be perceived as extreme short time solutions to the poverty crisis. An alternative approach may be to rejuvenate the rural economy through technology innovations in agriculture, energy, healthcare etc., and develop a sustainable livelihood around that so that unemployed rural youth can take part in the concerned activities and earn. A national drive with an organized approach of identifying and promoting the deployment of such technologies up to the grass root level will hold the key.

Elementary Education in the school is one of the strongest pillars of nation building. At present, our school education system is lopsided.

Teaching in the elementary schools is largely managed by incapable and demotivated personnel who may also not have sufficient fundamental grasp on the topics to kindle interests in young minds, or are not quite apt in taking up this kind of assignment in the perspective of the modern digital era. Taking a clue from the model of a few advanced countries, there could be a mandate of the country’s top educationists being deputed to the most underserved elementary schools for developing their learning foundation. A supportive honorarium structure to build up that ecosystem may be carefully planned, to attract the best of the intellectual brains in the country to take up such assignments along with their regular jobs.

Prof. Suman Chakraborty
Dean, Sponsored Research & Industrial Consultancy Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur

Suman Chakraborty is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering department of IIT Kharagpur (India) and Sir JC Bose National Fellow. He has been the institute’s Dean of Research & Development, head of School of Medical Science and Technology and Institute Chair Professor. His current research focuses on fluid dynamics and its applications in developing low-cost medical diagnostic technology for affordable healthcare. He is the winner of the coveted Infosys Prize in Engineering & Computer Science category in 2022 and has been the recipient of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 2013, the highest scientific award of the Government of India. He has been elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, ASME and Indian National Academies of Science and Engineering.

India, by virtue of its geographically vast and huge population, will never be able to cope up with the need of setting up advanced healthcare infrastructure with supportive quality human resources at all the underserved settings.

In that respect, there should be an upliftment of digital healthcare initiatives. At present, these units are mostly telemedicine centres, with digital and data science as well as internet communication acting as the backbone to ensure the operational features. However, a major challenge against their functional success is the lack of introduction of diagnostic technologies as alternatives to established lab-based procedures. All what it leads to is the inevitable bottleneck – the prescribed diagnostic tests for taking a medical treatment forward remain either inaccessible or unaffordable. This shackle needs to be broken. Disruptive policies, priority approval and introduction of emerging low-cost diagnostic or screening technologies that remain functional outside controlled lab settings need to be prioritized. This will require breaking the traditional outlook of regulatory processing, and a systematic simplified pipeline of providing and subsiding innovations in technologies for primary and community healthcare and ensuring their infusion to the dissemination pipeline.

Considering the dominant youth in the Indian population, their potential remains largely untapped. Either they enter a traditional educational path for which there is no employment prospect or they drop out from learning programmes

at early intermediate school stages. It may help if at an intermediate school stage (typically, post upper-primary level), specific channels of focused vocational training module leading to geographical-location based high-demand self-employment schemes (including start-up formation, seed grant and mentoring for sustainability) is planned instead of the existing straight jacketed fit-for-all skilling programmes existing at most places. This will not only create reasonably-skilled experts in different sectors, but also generate a structured pool of organized human resources in sectors such as electronics and electrical maintenance, plumbing, farming, machining, wood and metal work, infrastructure development, healthcare management support, vehicle mechanic and maintenance, food packaging and distribution, textile techniques and supply chain, among others. These courses must be minimally theory-oriented and mostly driven by practical needs. In that way, the disorganized sectors engaged in these areas may be economically consolidated to contribute to their own financial development and national growth.

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